Origins and History
The Blue Goose African (Field) Pea (Vigna unguiculata) is an heirloom variety rooted in the agricultural traditions of the American South, with ancestry tracing back to Africa where cowpeas have been cultivated for thousands of years. Likely introduced to North America during the transatlantic slave trade, this variety became a staple in Southern farming communities, valued for its resilience in hot, dry climates and poor soils. Over generations, the Blue Goose developed a reputation for its dependable yields and adaptability, making it a treasured field pea among subsistence farmers and home gardeners alike.
Appearance and Characteristics
The Blue Goose African Field Pea produces vigorous, vining plants with bright green foliage and delicate blooms. The pods are slender, medium-length, and contain smooth, cream-colored peas marked by a distinctive bluish-gray “eye,” giving the variety its name. The plants are drought-tolerant, thrive in heat, and are well-suited to low-input farming systems. They mature in roughly 70–80 days for fresh eating and 90–100 days for dry peas, depending on growing conditions.
Culinary Uses
Highly versatile, Blue Goose peas can be enjoyed fresh, shelled and cooked soon after harvest, or left to dry on the vine for storage. When cooked, they produce a rich, earthy flavor with a hint of sweetness, making them ideal for traditional Southern dishes such as Hoppin’ John, field pea stews, and slow-simmered sides. The peas also pair well with smoked meats, fresh herbs, and garden vegetables, and their cooking liquid develops a savory “pot liquor” prized in many culinary traditions.
Growing Tips with Vegetation Zones and Sow Depth
This variety thrives in USDA Zones 7–10, performing best in full sun and well-drained, moderately fertile soil. Direct sow seeds outdoors after the danger of frost has passed and soil temperatures have reached at least 65°F. Plant seeds 1–1.5 inches deep, spacing them 3–4 inches apart in rows 24–36 inches apart. Provide support if growing in smaller spaces, though the plants can be allowed to sprawl in traditional field culture. Blue Goose peas are tolerant of heat and drought but benefit from consistent moisture during flowering and pod set. Avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization, as it encourages vine growth at the expense of pod production.
Harvesting Guidance
For fresh shelling peas, harvest when the pods are plump and well-filled but still green. For dry storage, allow the pods to mature fully on the vine until they turn tan and rattle when shaken. Pull entire plants to finish drying in a warm, airy place if rain threatens at maturity. Once completely dry, shell the peas and store them in airtight containers in a cool, dry place to maintain flavor and viability for future planting.
