RADISH - Tillage Cover Crop
Raphanus sativus
Seeds per packet ~ 50-60
Germination 98% Feb 2024 Packed for 2024-2025
Tillage radish, often referred to as "forage radish," is a type of Daikon radish specifically bred for its benefits as a cover crop. It is known for its deep, thick taproots that can penetrate compacted soils, breaking up hardpan layers and improving soil structure. The decomposing roots of the tillage radish also create channels in the soil that enhance water infiltration, reduce erosion, and allow better root growth for subsequent crops.
Key Benefits of Tillage Radish: The deep taproots of tillage radish break up compacted soils, improving soil aeration and reducing compaction. Tillage radish captures and stores nutrients like nitrogen, preventing them from leaching out of the soil. These nutrients are released back into the soil as the radish decomposes. The rapid growth of tillage radish provides a thick ground cover, helping to suppress weed growth. The decaying radish adds organic matter to the soil, improving soil fertility and structure.
Growing Guidelines for Tillage Radish:
Planting Time: Tillage radish is typically planted in the late summer to early fall, after the main crop has been harvested. This allows the radish to establish before winter. In some regions, it can be planted in early spring, but fall planting is more common due to better growth and soil benefits.
Soil Preparation: Prepare the soil by removing any weeds and debris. Tillage radish prefers well-drained soils but can grow in various soil types. It is recommended to perform a soil test before planting to determine if any soil amendments are needed.
Seeding Rate: Broadcast seeding: 10-15 pounds per acre. Ensure the seeds are planted at a depth of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch. Sow seeds at a depth of 1/4 to 1/2 inch. Maintain a row spacing of 7-10 inches if drilling or planting in rows. For broadcasting, ensure the seeds are evenly distributed.
Germination and Growth: Tillage radish germinates quickly, usually within 3-5 days if soil conditions are optimal (moist and warm). The radish grows rapidly, with the taproot potentially reaching depths of 1-2 feet or more.
Frost Tolerance: Tillage radish is frost-tolerant and can survive light frosts. However, the foliage will die back with a hard freeze, typically around 20°F (-6°C). The root will continue to provide soil benefits as it decomposes over the winter.
Termination: In most regions, tillage radish will winter-kill, meaning the plant will die naturally due to cold temperatures. In warmer climates, where the radish does not winter-kill, mechanical or chemical termination may be necessary in the spring.
Incorporation: The decomposing radish should be left in the field to break down naturally. The decomposed roots will leave channels in the soil, improving soil structure for the next crop. If the radish does not winter-kill, it can be mowed or tilled into the soil before planting the next crop.
Best Practices: Rotate tillage radish with other crops to prevent the build-up of pests and diseases. Tillage radish can be planted in combination with other cover crops like legumes or grasses for additional benefits, such as nitrogen fixation or increased biomass.
